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24 июля 2012 года в 11:15 | 8621 просмотр | 2 комментария

Мифологический список Японии

Синто развивался на основе множества различных местных культов, поэтому японский пантеон велик. В рукописном пантеоне синто Х века насчитывалось 3132 бога. В дальнейшем это число значительно увеличивалось. Объединение синтоизма в единую религию происходило под сильным влиянием буддизма, проникшего в Японию в VI - VII веках. Когда буддизм стал государственной религией Японии, то в синто было перенесено множество элементов культа из буддизма, а в святилищах синто стали появляться изображения будд и бодхисатв. Появились смешанные синто-буддийские учения, например, сюгэндо. Основными источниками мифологии синто являются сборники Кодзики и Нихонги, созданные, с в 712 и 720 годах. В них были включены объединённые и переработанные сказания, ранее передававшиеся изустно из поколения в поколение. Согласно им, мир первоначально пребывал в состоянии хаоса, содержащего в себе все элементы в смешанном, бесформенном состоянии. Но затем первозданный хаос разделился и образовались Равнина Высокого неба и Острова Осенней гавани. Тогда же возникли первые боги, а следом за ними стали появляться божественные пары. В каждой такой паре были мужчина и женщина - брат и сестра, олицетворяющие различные природные явления. Последней из появившихся божественных пар были Идзанаги и Идзанами, они создали остров Онногоро и заключили между собой брак, став мужем и женой. От этого брака появились японские острова и множество ками, заселивших эту землю. Боги синто породили не всех людей, а лишь японцев. Японец с детства верит в то, что он принадлежит синто, для него иностранец, исповедующий синтоизм, - нелепость. Вместе с тем, синто разрешает самим японцам исповедовать любую другую религию.



A

* Abumi-guchi - a furry creature formed from the stirrup of a mounted military commander
* Abura-akago - an infant ghost who licks the oil out of andon lamps
* Abura-bō - a spook fire from Shiga Prefecture, in which the shape of a monk can often be seen
* Abura-sumashi - a spirit who lives on a mountain pass in Kumamoto Prefecture
* Akabeko - a red cow involved in the construction of Enzō-ji in Yanaizu, Fukushima
* Akamataa - a snake spirit from Okinawa
* Aka Manto - A malicious spirit who haunts bathrooms and asks the cubicle occupants if they want red or blue paper.
* Aka-name - the spirit who licks the bathroom
* Aka-shita - a creature that looms in a black cloud over a floodgate
* Akateko - a red hand dangling out of a tree
* Akki - another name for a wicked oni
* Akkorokamui - an Ainu monster resembling a fish or octopus
* Akuma - an evil spirit
* Akurojin-no-hi - a ghostly fire from Mie Prefecture
* Amaburakosagi - ritual disciplinary demon from Shikoku
* Amamehagi - ritual disciplinary demon from Hokuriku
* Ama-no-jaku - a small demon which instigates people into wickedness
* Ama-no-zako - a monstrous goddess mentioned in the Kujiki
* Amazake-babaa - an old woman who asks for sweet sake and brings disease
* Ame-furi-kozō - a little boy spirit who plays in the rain
* Amemasu - an Ainu creature resembling a fish or whale
* Ame-onna - a female rain spirit
* Amikiri - the net-cutting spirit
* Amorōnagu - a tennyo from the island of Amami Ōshima
* Anmo - ritual disciplinary demon from Iwate Prefecture
* Ao andon - the spirit of the blue paper lantern
* Ao-bōzu - the blue monk who kidnaps children
* Ao-nyōbō - a female ghost who lurks in an abandoned imperial palace
* Ao-sagi-bi
* Aosaginohi - a luminescent heron
* Asobibi - a spook fire from Kōchi Prefecture
* Arikura-no-baba - an old woman with magical powers
* Ashiaraiyashiki(足洗邸) - the story of a huge demon which demands that its leg be washed
* Ashi-magari - a spook which entangles the legs of travelers
* Ashinagatenaga - a pair of characters, one with long legs and the other with long arms
* Ato-oi-kozō - an invisible spirit that follows people
* Ayakashi - another name for the ikuchi
* Ayakashi-no-ayashibi - a spook fire from Ishikawa Prefecture
* Azuki-arai - a spirit which makes the sound of azuki beans being washed
* Azukibabaa - azukiarai's more vicious cousin, a bean-grinding hag who devours people
* Azukitogi - another name for azukiarai

B
* Betobeto-san - an invisible spirit that follows people at night, making the sound of footsteps.
* Bake-kujira - a ghost whale.
* Bakeneko - a shapeshifting cat.
* Bakezōri - a sandal spirit.
* Baku - an auspicious beast who can devour nightmares.
* Basan - a large fire-breathing chicken monster.
* Binbōgami - the spirit of poverty.
* Biwa-bokuboku - the spirit of a biwa lute.
* Betobeto-san
* Buruburu - a spirit that causes the shivers.
* Byakko - the white tiger of the west.

C
* Cho Hakkai - Zhu Bajie, the pig spirit from Journey to the West.
* Chōchinobake - a haunted paper lantern.
* Chōkōzetsu - a man with a large tongue sticking out of his mouth, like a Chōchinobake.

D
* Daidara-botchi - a giant responsible for creating many geographical features in Japan.
* Daitengu - the most powerful tengu, each of whom lives on a separate mountain.
* Datsue-ba - an old woman seated in the underworld who steals clothes from the souls of the dead.
* Dodomeki - the ghost of a pickpocket, her arms are covered in eyes.
* Doji - a spirit with white wings, accounted in European mythology as being like an angel.
* Doro-ta-bō - the ghost of an old man whose rice fields were neglected and sold.
* Dozaemon - a yokai who resembles a kappa.

E
* Enenra - a monster made of smoke.
* Enkō - the kappa of Shikoku and western Honshū.
* Eritate-goromo - the tengu Sōjōbō's enchanted clothes.

F

* Fūjin - the god of wind.
* Funayūrei - ghosts of people dead at sea.
* Futa-kuchi-onna - the two-mouthed woman.

G
* Gagoze - a demon who attacked young priests at Gangō-ji temple.
* Gaki - the hungry ghosts of Buddhism.
* Gangi-kozō - a fish-eating water-monster.
* Garappa - a kind of kappa from Kyūshū.
* Gashadokuro - a giant skeleton, the spirit of the unburied dead.
* Genbu - the black tortoise of the north.
* Goryō - vengeful spirits of the dead.
* Gotokuneko - a cat Yōkai who can breath fire from a cut shoot of bamboo. His name means "Cat of Five Virtues".
* Guhin - another name for the tengu.
* Gyūki - another name for the ushi-oni, the ox demon.

H
* Ha-inu
* Haku-taku - the wise Bai Ze beast of China, who reported on the attributes of demons.
* Hakuzōsu - a fox who disguised himself as a trapper's uncle.
* Hannya - a noh mask representing a jealous female demon.
* Hari-onago - a female monster with deadly barbed hair.
* Hayatarō - the dog that killed the sarugami.
* Heikegani - crabs with human-faced shells, the spirits of the warriors killed in the Battle of Dan-no-ura.
* Hibagon - the Japanese Bigfoot.
* Hiderigami - the god of drought.
* Hihi - a baboon monster.
* Hito-dama - a fireball-ghost that appears when someone dies.
* Hitotsume-kozō - a one-eyed boy.
* Hoji - the wicked spirit of Tamamo-no-Mae.
* Hōkō - a dog-like tree spirit from China.
* Hone-onna - a skeleton woman.
* Hō-ō - the legendary Fenghuang bird of China.
* Hotoke - a deceased person.
* Hyakki Yakō - the demons' night parade.
* Hyakume - a creature with a hundred eyes.
* Hyōsube - a kind of hair-covered kappa.
* Hyōtan-kozō - a gourd spirit.

I
* Ibaraki-dōji - the oni of the Rashomon gate, Shuten-dōji's accomplice.
* Ichimoku-nyūdō - a one-eyed kappa from Sado Island.
* Ikazuchi-no-Kami - a thunder god.
* Ikiryō - essentially a living ghost, as it is a living person's soul outside of their body.
* Ikuchi - a sea-serpent that travels over boats in an arc while dripping oil.
* Inu-gami - a dog-spirit created, worshipped and employed by a family via sorcery.
* Ippon-datara - a one-legged spirit of the mountains.
* Isonade - a fish-like sea monster with a barb-covered tail.
* Itsumaden - a monstrous bird that appeared over the capital in the Taiheiki.
* Ittan-momen - a cloth-like monster that attempts to smother people by wrapping itself around their faces.
* Iwana-bōzu - a char that appeared as a Buddhist monk.

J
* Jakotsu-babaa - an old woman who guards a snake mound.
* Jatai - an obi that has transformed into a snake.
* Jibakurei 地縛霊, 自縛霊 - a ghost that is bound to a certain place.
* Jikininki - ghosts that eat human corpses.
* Jinmenju - a tree with human-faced fruits.
* Jinmenken - a human-faced dog appearing in recent urban legends.
* Jishin-namazu - the giant catfish that causes earthquakes and tsunami, blamed during the Ansei quake & tsunami. Here and Here
* Jorō-gumo - a spider woman.
* Jubokko - a vampire tree.

K
* Kage-onna - the shadow of a woman cast on the paper doors of a haunted house.
* Kahaku 河伯 - another name for a kappa.
* Kama-itachi - the slashing sickle-weasel that haunts the mountains.
* Kamikiri - the hair-cutting spirit.
* Kameosa - a bottle that never runs dry.
* Kanbari-nyūdō - a bathroom spirit.
* Kanedama - the spirit of money.
* Kappa - a famous water monster with a water-filled head and a love of cucumbers.
* Karasu-tengu - a tengu with a bird's bill.
* Karakasa-obake
* Kasa-obake - a paper umbrella monster.
* Kasha - a cat-like demon that descends from the sky and carries away corpses.
* Kashanbo (Kashambo)- kappa who climb into the mountains for the winter.
* Katawa-guruma - a woman riding on a flaming wheel.
* Katsura-otoko - a handsome man from the moon.
* Kawa-akago - an infant monster that lurks near rivers and drowns people.
* Kawa-uso - a supernatural river otter.
* Kawa-zaru - a smelly, cowardly kappa-like creature.
* Keneō - an old man seated in the underworld who weighs the clothes given to him by Datsue-ba.
* Kerakera-onna - a giant cackling woman who appears in the sky.
* Kesaran-pasaran - a mysterious white fluffy creature.
* Keukegen - a creature made of hair.
* Kibagurui - a nasty creature with sharp teeth, and can pull his entire body together to form a giant floating, fanged mouth.
* Kijimunaa (Kijimunā) - a tree sprite from Okinawa.
* Kijo - a witch or ogress.
* Kirin - the Qilin of China, part dragon and part hoofed mammal, sometimes called the "Chinese unicorn".
* Kitsune - a supernatural fox.
* Kitsune-Tsuki - fox possession.
* Kiyohime - a woman who transformed into a serpent-demon out of the rage of unrequited love.
* Ko-dama - a spirit that lives in a tree.
* Kokakuchō - the ubume bird.
* Koma-inu - another name for the shishi, the pair of lion-dogs that guard the entrances of temples.
* Konaki-jijī - an infant spirit that cries until it is picked up, then increases its weight and crushes its victim.
* Konoha-tengu - a bird-like tengu.
* Koropokkuru - a little person from Ainu folklore.
* Kosode-no-te - a short-sleeved kimono with its own hands.
* Kubikajiri - a ghost that eats heads.
* Kuchisake-onna - the slit-mouthed woman.
* Kuda-gitsune - a small fox-like animal used in sorcery.
* Kudan - a human-faced calf that predicts a calamity and then dies.
* Kurabokko - the guardian spirit of a warehouse.
* Kurage-no-hinotama - a jellyfish that floats through the air as a fireball.
* Kyōkotsu - the ghost of a corpse discarded in a well.
* Kyūbi-no-kitsune - a fox with nine tails.
* Kyūketsuki - a Japanese vampire.

M
* Maikubi - the quarreling heads of three dead miscreants.
* Makura-gaeshi - the pillow-moving spirit.
* Me-kurabe - the multiplying skulls that menaced Taira no Kiyomori in his courtyard.
* Miage-nyūdō - a spirit that grows as fast as you can look up at it.
* Mikoshi-nyūdō - another name for miage-nyūdō.
* Mizuchi - a dangerous water-dragon.
* Mokumokuren - a swarm of eyes that appear on a paper sliding door in an old building.
* Momonjii - an old-man who is waiting for you at every fork in the road.
* Morinji-no-kama - another name for Bunbuku Chagama, the tanuki teakettle.
* Mōryō - a long-eared, corpse-eating spirit.
* Mujina - a shapeshifting badger.
* Mukujara - a massive, faceless creature covered in hair.
* Myōbu - a title sometimes given to a fox.

N
* Namahage - ritual disciplinary demon from the Oga Peninsula.
* Namazu - a giant catfish that causes earthquakes.
* Nando-baba - an old-woman spirit who hides under the floor in abandoned storerooms.
* Narikama - a kettle spirit whose ringing sound is a good omen.
* Nebutori - a spook-disease that causes a woman to grow immensely fat and lethargic.
* Neko-mata - a bakeneko with a split tail.
* Nekomusume - a cat in the form of a girl.
* Nikusui - a monster that appears as a young woman and sucks all of the flesh off of its victim's body.
* Ningyo - a fish person or "mermaid".
* Nobusuma - a supernatural wall, or a monstrous flying squirrel.
* Noppera-bō - a faceless ghost.
* Notari-bō - a very small humanoid yōkai.
* Nowake-baba - an old crone that can blow strong gusts of wind.
* Nozuchi - Another name for the tsuchinoko serpent.
* Nue - a monkey-headed, raccoon dog-bodied, tiger-legged, snake-tailed monster which plagued the emperor with nightmares in the Heike Monogatari.
* Nukekubi - a vicious human-like monster whose head detaches from its body, often confused with the rokurokubi.
* Nuppefuhofu - an animated lump of decaying human flesh.
* Nure-onna - a female snake-like monster who appears on the shore.
* Nuri-botoke - an animated corpse with blackened flesh and dangling eyeballs.
* Nurikabe - a ghostly wall that traps a traveler at night.
* Nurarihyon - a strange character who sneaks into houses on busy evenings.
* Nyoijizai - a skeletal-looking spirit that does as they please. Able to stretch their arms great lengths.
* Nyūbachibō - a mortar spirit.

Ō
* Obariyon - a spook that rides piggyback on a human victim and becomes unbearably heavy.
* Oboro-guruma - a ghostly oxcart with the face of its driver.
* Ohaguro-bettari - a female spook lacking all facial features save for a large, black-toothed smile.
* Oiwa - the ghost of a woman with a distorted face who was murdered by her husband.
* Okiku - the plate-counting ghost of a servant girl.
* Ōkami (wolf)
* Ōkamuro - a giant face that appears at the door.
* Ōkubi - the face of a huge woman which appears in the sky.
* Okuri-inu - a dog or wolf that follows travelers at night, similar to the Black dog or Barghest of English folklore.
* Ōmukade - a giant human-eating centipede that lives in the mountains.
* Oni - the classic Japanese demon, an ogre-like creature which often has horns.
* Onibaba - the demon hag.
* Onibi - a spook fire.
* Onikuma - a monster bear.
* Onmoraki - a bird-demon created from the spirits of freshly-dead corpses.
* Onryō - a vengeful ghost.
* Otoroshi - a hairy creature that perches on the gates to shrines and temples.

R
* Raijin - the god of thunder.
* Raijū - a beast that falls to earth in a lightning bolt.
* Rokurobei - a male Rokurokubi.
* Rokuro-kubi - a person, usually female, whose neck can stretch indefinitely.
* Ryū - the Japanese dragon.

S
* Sakabashira - a haunted pillar, installed upside-down.
* Sagari - a horse's head that dangles from trees on Kyūshū.
* Sa Gojō - the water-monster Sha Wujing from Journey to the West, often interpreted in Japan as a kappa.
* Samebito - a shark-man from the undersea Dragon Palace.
* Sarugami - a wicked monkey spirit which was defeated by a dog.
* Satori - an ape-like creature that can read minds.
* Sazae-oni - a turban snail that turns into a woman.
* Seiryū - the azure dragon of the east.
* Seko - a kind of kappa, that can be heard making merry at night.
* Senpoku-Kanpoku - a human-faced frog that guides the souls of the newly deceased to the graveyard.
* Sesshō-seki - the poisonous "killing stones" which Tamamo-no-Mae transformed into.
* Setotaishō - a warrior composed of discarded earthenware.
* Shachihoko - a tiger-headed fish whose image is often used in architecture.
* Shibaten - a kind of kappa from Shikoku.
* Shikigami - a spirit summoned to do the bidding of an Onmyōji.
* Shiki-ōji - another name for a shikigami.
* Shikome - wild women sent by Izanami to harm Izanagi.
* Shin 蜃 - a giant clam that creates mirages.
* Shinigami - the "god of death", the Japanese Grim Reaper.
* Shirime - (尻目) an apparition in the shape of a man having an eye in the place of his anus.
* Shiro-bōzu - a white, faceless spirit.
* Shiro-uneri - an old, rotten dishcloth appearing in the form of a dragon.
* Shiryō - the spirit of a dead person.
* Shisa - the Okinawan version of the shishi.
* Shishi - the paired lion-dogs that guard the entrances of temples.
* Shōjō - red-haired sea-sprites who love alcohol.
* Shōkera - a creature that peers in through skylights.
* Shōki - the fabled demon-queller Zhong Kui.
* Shu no Bon - a red-faced ghoul that surprises people.
* Shuten-dōji - an infamous princess-kidnapping, bloodthirsty oni.
* Sodehiki-kozō - an invisible spirit that pulls on sleeves.
* Sōjōbō - the famous daitengu of Mount Kurama.
* Sōgen-bi - the fiery ghost of an oil-stealing monk.
* Son Gokū - the monkey king Sun Wukong from Journey to the West.
* Soragami - a ritual disciplinary demon in the form of a tengu.
* Soraki-gaeshi - the sound of trees being cut down, when later none seem to have been cut.
* Sorobanbōzu - a ghost with an abacus.
* Sōtangitsune - a famous fox from Kyoto.
* Sunakake-baba - the sand-throwing hag.
* Sune-kosuri - a small dog- or cat-like creature that rubs against a person's legs at night
* Suppon
* Suppon-no-yūrei - a ghost with a face like a soft-shelled turtle.
* Suzaku - the vermilion bird of the south.

T
* Taimatsu-maru - a tengu surrounded in demon fire.
* Taka-onna - a female spirit that can stretch itself to peer into the second story of a building.
* Tamamo-no-Mae - a wicked nine-tailed fox who appeared as a courtesan.
* Tankororin - an unharvested persimmon which becomes a monster.
* Tantanbō - a massive stone head with glowing eyes and a mouth full of sharp teeth. His saliva can turn anything into stone.
* Tanuki - a shapeshifting raccoon dog.
* Tatami-tataki - a poltergeist that hits the tatami mats at night.
* Te-naga and Ashi-naga
* Tengu - the infamous bird-man demon of the mountains.
* Tenjō-name - the ceiling-licking spirit.
* Tennin - a heavenly being.
* Te-no-me - the ghost of a blind man, with his eyes on his hands.
* Tesso - the ghost of the priest Raigō, who transformed into a swarm of rats.
* Tōfu-kozō - a spirit child carrying a block of tofu.
* Toire no Hanako-san - a ghost who lurks in grade school restroom stalls.
* Tōtetsu - the Taotie monster of China.
* Tsurara-onna - an icicle woman.
* Tsuchigumo - a giant spider that was defeated by Minamoto no Raikō.
* Tsuchikorobi - a tumbling monster that rolls over travelers.
* Tsuchinoko - a legendary serpentine monster, now a cryptid resembling a fat snake.
* Tsukumo-gami - inanimate objects that come to life after a hundred years.
* Tsurube-otoshi - a monster that drops out of the tops of trees.

U
* Ubume - the spirit of a woman who died in childbirth.
* Uma-no-ashi - a horse's leg that dangles from a tree and kicks passersby.
* Umibōzu - a giant monster appearing on the surface of the sea.
* Umi-nyōbō - a female sea monster who steals fish.
* Ungaikyō - a mirror monster that can display assorted wonders in its surface.
* Ushi-oni - a name given to an assortment of ox-headed monsters.
* Uwan - a spirit named for the sound it shouts when surprising people.

W
* Wani - a water monster comparable to an alligator or crocodile. A related word has been applied to the Indo-Pacific or Saltwater crocodile.
* Wani-guchi
* Wanyūdō - a flaming wheel with a man's head in the center, that sucks out the soul of anyone who sees it.

Y
* Yagyō-san - a demon who rides through the night on a headless horse.
* Yakubyō-gami - spirits who bring plagues and other unfortunate events.
* Yadōkai - monks who have turned to mischief.
* Yamaarashi - a supernatural porcupine.
* Yama-biko - a creature that creates echoes.
* Yama-bito - the wild people who live in the mountains.
* Yama-chichi - a mountain spirit resembling a monkey.
* Yama-inu - the fearsome mountain dog.
* Yama-jijii - a humanoid with a head like a large rock, with one eyeball and a constant smile. Often lives in the trees in the mountains.
* Yama-otoko - the giant mountain man.
* Yama-oroshi - a radish-grater spirit, a pun on a word for "mountain storm".
* Yamata no Orochi - the eight-headed serpent slain by the god Susanoo.
* Yama-uba - the mountain hag.
* Yama-waro - a hairy, one-eyed spirit, sometimes considered a kappa who has gone into the mountains for the winter.
* Yanari - poltergeists that cause strange noises.
* Yasha
* Yatagarasu - the three-legged crow of Amaterasu.
* Yato-no-kami - deadly snake-gods which infested a field.
* Yobuko - Mountain dwelling spirit.
* Yomotsu-shikome - the hags of the underworld.
* Yōsei - the Japanese word for "fairy".
* Yosuzume - a mysterious bird that sings at night, sometimes indicating that the okuri-inu is near.
* Yukinko - a child-like snow-spirit.
* Yuki-onna - the snow woman.

Z
* Zashiki-Warashi - a protective child-like house spirit.
* Zennyo Ryūō - a rain-making dragon.
* Zunbera-bō - another name for the noppera-bō.


Адзисикитака-хиконэ-но ками
Аматэрасу оо-миками
Амида
Амэ-но-вакахико
Амэ-но-хохи-но ками
Асинадзути

Бимбогами
Бисямон-тэн
Бэндзай-тэн

Восемь Уродливых Женщин Страны Ёми

Дайкоку-тэн
Дарума
Дзидзо
Дзимму-тэнно
Дзюродзин

Иванага-химэ
Идзанаги и Идзанами
Инари
Индра

Кагуцути-но ками
Камуямато Иварэбико-но микото
Каннон
Кисибодзин
Ко-но-хана-но-сакуя-бимэ
Кодзин
Компира
Куни-но-токотати-но ками
Кусинада-химэ

Мондзю
Муракумо-но-Цуруги

Ниниги

Оногородзима
Оо-яма-цуми-но ками

Райдэн
Райтаро
Рюдзин

Сио-цути-но ками
Ситатэру-химэ
Страна Ёми-но куни
Страна Идзумо
Сумиёси
Суса-но-о-но микото
Сэнгэн

Тай
Така-ми-мусуби-но ками
Тэнадзути

Удзумэ

Фугэн
Фудо
Фукурокудзю

Хатиман
Хоо
Хотэй

Цукиюми

Шакьямуни

Эбису
Эмма


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Список "Духи и существа Японского Пантеона" очень сильно дополнен … и со временем надеюсь найду каждого проказника в аниме и напишу вам о них… :bubble-bear52: а потом будем браться за "высший пантеон" так как и Боги в аниме тоже встречаются!! :)

Pandora , Age of Man , Я люблю тебя , AMV - Quiet , AMV - ShutEmDown
 

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